Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Rose-Inspired Medical Applications

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an advanced additive manufacturing technology that utilizes bioinks composed of living cells and biomaterials to construct tissue-like structures for a wide range of medical applications. This paper reviews key applications, including tissue engineering, organ modeling and printing, drug testing and development, disease modeling, cosmetics and chemical testing, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine. In parallel, biomimicry of natural plant architectures offers powerful opportunities for innovation in biomedical material design. Among these, the rose stands out for its intricate hierarchical geometry, which provides not only aesthetic appeal but also exceptional mechanical resilience. Incorporating rose-inspired structural elements into 3D-bioprinted medical constructs can significantly enhance mechanical strength, flexibility, and surface adaptability. This review also highlights plant- and rose-inspired approaches in medical applications and outlines the potential of rose-inspired 3D bioprinting to advance the design of functional and biomimetic tissue models. Nature provides a rich source of inspiration for biomimetic design, and translating biological principles into engineering solutions can contribute to sustainable technological development aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this regard, roses and other plant systems offer valuable structural and functional inspiration for advancing 3D bioprinting in medical applications.