CFD-Based Evaluation of Wind Comfort in High-Density Primary Schools: A Case Study of Planning Layouts in Shenzhen

In Shenzhen, a high-density city facing severe land scarcity, the proliferation of compact primary school campuses poses significant challenges to the outdoor wind environment, which is crucial for outdoor thermal comfort in a hot–humid climate. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to systematically evaluate wind comfort across a range of high-density primary school layouts. Typical design proposals are classified and analyzed based on three key planning aspects: education building forms, courtyard openness, and sports field configuration. Wind comfort area ratio and static wind zone area ratio are adopted as key performance indicators to evaluate outdoor wind performance. The findings demonstrate that decentralized teaching building forms, multi-courtyard layouts with openings oriented towards the prevailing summer wind, and juxtaposed sports field placement significantly enhance outdoor ventilation and comfort. Additionally, positioning the main entrance on the windward side and incorporating elevated voids or terraces to form coherent ventilation corridors are effective design strategies. This research provides theoretical guidance for designing high-density school campuses in hot–humid southern China.