Rule-Based Digital Twin: An Integrated Parametric-BIM Workflow for Life-Cycle Delivery of Free-Form, Special-Shaped Envelopes in Large-Scale Public Buildings

Despite the aesthetic potential of free-form envelopes in large-scale public buildings, geometric interlacing complexity, ambiguous façade boundaries, and constructability translation gaps persist as systemic barriers. This study addresses these challenges through a Design Science Research (DSR) approach, developing a rule-based digital twin methodology that maintains parametric intelligence across the building life cycle. Implemented via a five-layer integrated framework, i.e., geometric, parametric, BIM, coordination, and fabrication, the methodology was validated through a revelatory case study of the Shenzhen Bay Culture Plaza. Results demonstrate 91.2% clash resolution prior to construction, 20.3 million RMB in cost savings (10.8% reduction), and 35.4% schedule compression, while preserving rule-based relationships into operational facility management. The study advances BIM theory by operationalizing life-cycle digital twins for non-standard geometries, offering a replicable framework for future special-shaped construction projects.