Numerical Simulation-Based Analysis of Flexural Performance and Comprehensive Benefits of Non-Destructive Strengthening for Existing Stone Beams

Considering the limitations of test samples for existing stone beams, the discreteness of stone constitutive relations, and the dimensional variability among test specimens, this study conducts a systematic investigation via finite element parametric analysis based on full-scale prototype tests. The research examines the effects of different reinforcement materials, reinforcement ratios (ρ), and reinforcement layer thicknesses (as) on the flexural performance and comprehensive benefits of non-destructive stone beam reinforcement. The results indicate that the type of reinforcement material significantly impacts the initial linear elastic stiffness, peak load, and residual load of the stone beams. The increase in peak load and the proportion of residual bearing capacity are more sensitive to the reinforcement ratio (ρ). Although increasing the reinforcement layer thickness (as) enhances the initial linear elastic stiffness, its influence on residual bearing capacity is complex. Among the specimens with reinforcement materials, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) mesh reinforcement exhibits superior performance in terms of both the energy dissipation evaluation indicator (TE) and the comprehensive benefit evaluation indicator (RTC). These findings provide a reliable basis for the design of stone beam strengthening and suggest that reinforcement materials, reinforcement ratios, and reinforcement layer thicknesses should be selected according to specific engineering requirements to achieve an optimal balance between reinforcement effectiveness and economic benefit.