Effect of Preoperative Sarcopenic Obesity on Outcomes in Patients with Gastric Cancer After Surgery

Background/Objectives: Preoperative body composition has been implicated as a factor affecting clinical outcomes in several types of cancer. However, there is limited evidence regarding whether preoperative body composition can predict the prognosis following gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to investigate the role of preoperative body composition as a prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) after gastrectomy for GC. Methods: This prospective study included 540 patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC at the Kanagawa Cancer Center, Japan, between December 2013 and November 2017. Preoperative body composition was assessed using the skeletal muscle index and visceral adipose tissue area derived from computed tomography scans. Patients were classified into four groups: non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NN), sarcopenic non-obesity (SN), non-sarcopenic obesity (NO), and sarcopenic obesity (SO). Results: A total of 448 patients (NN, 184; SN, 52; NO, 186; SO, 26) were included in the final analysis. In terms of OS, the SO group showed significantly worse survival than the NN group (72.1% vs. 87.6%, p = 0.01). Similarly, regarding RFS, the SO group had significantly worse outcomes than the NN group (68.4% vs. 86.2%, p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified SO as an independent risk factor for both OS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–7.64; p = 0.01) and RFS (HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.36–6.95; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Preoperative SO was associated with poorer outcomes in patients undergoing gastrectomy for GC.