The Management of Menopause in Women with Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Clinical Challenges and Therapeutic Considerations

Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are chronic clonal hematopoietic malignancies characterized by dysregulated myeloid proliferation, chronic inflammation, and an increased risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. In addition to disease-related morbidity, MPNs are associated with a substantial symptom burden that significantly impacts quality of life. Menopause is accompanied by hormonal changes that can produce symptoms overlapping with those of MPNs, complicating clinical assessment and management in affected women. This challenge is further compounded by the lack of disease-specific guidance on menopause management in women with MPNs and ongoing concerns regarding the thrombotic risk associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on menopause in women with Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs, with particular focus on the safety and role of HRT, non-hormonal therapeutic alternatives, and supportive care strategies. We also propose a pragmatic clinical algorithm to support individualized menopause management in this high-risk population.