Bioplastic Production in Circular Economy Paths with Glycerol and Whey

From 1950 to the present, plastic production and use have increased mainly because plastics possess qualities like stability, light weight, versatility, and decreasing production costs. However, most plastics are not biodegradable, and only a small portion is recycled worldwide. Bioplastics serve as an alternative if they are biodegradable and derived from residual materials, promoting a circular economy. PHB is a polymer with characteristics similar to some commercial plastics. It was discovered in the 1920s and has been examined by researchers and engineers since then due to its potential as a biodegradable bioplastic. Some microorganisms can produce PHB under controlled conditions. In this work, PHB production was analyzed using two strains, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, and two byproducts—whey and glycerol—as substrates and varying the culture media compositions. Both byproducts and both strains are suitable for PHB production; the absence of nitrogen and trace element sources enhances PHB yield. Additionally, bacterial growth, substrate uptake, and PHB production were modeled using logistic growth and the Luedeking–Piret models.