Solvothermal Synthesis of Perovskite-like Magnesium Zirconate Assisted by Deep Eutectic Solvent for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine

In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on magnesium zirconate (MgZrO3) synthesized using a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted approach was developed for the detection of dopamine. The structural and morphological properties of MgZrO3 were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and elemental mapping. The electrochemical performance of the MgZrO3-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The MgZrO3/GCE exhibited an enhanced redox response and a reduced oxidation potential for dopamine in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.0), indicating improved electrocatalytic activity compared to the bare electrode. This improvement is attributed to the material’s increased active surface area and facilitated charge transfer kinetics. Under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a linear response over a concentration range of 0.3–80 µM, with a detection limit of 127 nM and quantification limit of 423 nM. The MgZrO3/GCE also demonstrated good selectivity in the presence of common interfering species and was successfully applied for dopamine detection in biological samples, with satisfactory recovery results. The findings presented here contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field and open up new possibilities for the development of advanced electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection in clinical and research settings related to Breast Cancer Treatment.