Gait Characteristics in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Secondary Scoliosis

Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can disrupt joint function and biomechanics, often leading to altered gait patterns. When coexisting with secondary scoliosis—a common musculoskeletal complication in children with JIA—postural and movement impairments may be further exacerbated. However, limited research has investigated the combined impact of JIA and secondary scoliosis on gait characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate gait parameters in children diagnosed with JIA and secondary scoliosis and to compare them with age-matched healthy peers. Methods: A total of 50 children (25 with JIA and secondary scoliosis, 25 healthy controls) were included. Demographic data, plantar pressure distribution, temporal gait parameters, and center of mass (CoM) displacement were assessed using computerized gait analysis. Group comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Children with JIA and secondary scoliosis exhibited significantly lower forefoot loading on both dominant and non-dominant sides compared to controls (p < 0.05). Maximum loading values were also reduced bilaterally in the JIA group (p < 0.001). The dominant side single-limb support duration was significantly shorter (p = 0.027), and CoM displacement was greater (p = 0.044) in the JIA group. No differences were observed in rearfoot loading or walking speed. Conclusions: Children with coexisting JIA and secondary scoliosis demonstrate altered gait mechanics, likely reflecting compensatory adaptations due to joint inflammation and postural asymmetries. Gait analysis may offer valuable insights for tailoring rehabilitation strategies in this patient population.