Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Bombax and Pseudobombax: Evidence-Based Insights and Current Limitations

The genera Bombax and Pseudobombax (Malvaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine. This narrative review provides a hierarchical appraisal of their phytochemical and pharmacological profiles based on 35 studies, identifying 22 biological activities. A pronounced taxonomic bias was observed, with research heavily concentrated on Bombax ceiba, while other species, particularly within Pseudobombax, remain poorly explored. Hierarchical analysis indicates that Bombax reaches Level I evidence in metabolic and organ-protective activities, whereas Pseudobombax is largely limited to preliminary Levels II–III. Although antioxidant activity is the most frequently reported effect, it is predominantly supported by in vitro assays with limited physiological relevance. A morphological bias was also evident, with studies prioritizing stem bark and leaves over seeds and roots. Overall, the evidence reveals a significant translational gap, marked by the scarcity of pharmacokinetic data and mechanistic studies. Future research should prioritize standardized, mechanism-driven approaches and expand taxonomic coverage to advance the therapeutic potential of these genera.