Multiphysics Modelling and Experimental Validation of Road Tanker Dynamics: Stress Analysis and Material Characterization

Crossland Tankers is a leading manufacturer of bulk-load road tankers in Northern Ireland. These tankers transport up to forty thousand litres of liquid over long distances across diverse road conditions. Liquid sloshing within the tank has a significant impact on driveability and the tanker’s lifespan. This study introduces a novel Multiphysics model combining Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to simulate fluid–structure interactions in a full-scale road tanker, validated with real-world road test data. The model reveals high-stress zones under braking and turning, with peak stresses at critical chassis locations, offering design insights for weight reduction and enhanced safety. Results demonstrate the approach’s effectiveness in optimising tanker design, reducing prototyping costs, and improving longevity, providing a valuable computational tool for industry applications.