Design and Implementation of a Trusted Food Supply Chain Traceability System with Incentive Using Hyperledger Fabric

Effective supply chain traceability is indispensable for ensuring food safety, which is a significant social issue. Traditional traceability systems are mostly based on centralized databases, relying on a single entity or organization and facing problems such as insufficient transparency and the risk of data tampering. To address these issues, many studies have adopted blockchain technology, which offers advantages such as decentralization and immutability. However, challenges such as data credibility and insufficient protection of private data remain. This study proposes a multi-channel architecture based on Blockchain (Hyperledger Fabric in this study), in which data is partitioned and managed across dedicated channels to strengthen the protection of sensitive information. Furthermore, a trust and incentive design is implemented, featuring a trust-value calculation function and a reward–penalty mechanism that encourage participants to upload more truthful data and improve the reliability of data before it is recorded on the blockchain. In this paper, the design and implementation of the proposed system are explained in detail, and its performance is examined using Hyperledger Caliper, a blockchain performance benchmark framework. Functional evaluations indicate that the proposed system can be correctly implemented and that it correctly supports supply chain traceability, trust- and incentive-related, privacy protecting and other functions as designed, while performance evaluations indicate that it can maintain stable performance under higher workloads, suggesting that the proposed approach is practical and applicable to food supply chain traceability scenarios.