Overview of China’s Fusion Magnet Technology Based on the Superconducting Tokamak Strategy

Fusion energy represents humanity’s most promising solution for achieving limitless, carbon-free power. The superconducting Tokamak has emerged as the primary pathway to realize this goal. China’s systematic multi-phase strategy, progressing from the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) partnership, and now advancing the China Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor (CFEDR), has catalyzed transformative innovations in fusion magnet technology, including the development of high-current-density Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICC) using both low-temperature superconductors (LTSs) and high temperature superconductors (HTSs), radiation-resistant ultra-low-resistance joints enabling efficient power transfer, multi-sensor quench detection systems with millisecond-level response for magnet integrity preservation, and cryogenic thermal management via multi-stage heat interception zones. This accumulated expertise in superconducting magnet technologies will accelerate the commercialization of fusion energy.