Artificial Intelligence in Implant Dentistry: Clinical Validity, Diagnostic Performance, Surgical Planning, and Medico-Legal Implications—A Narrative Review

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into implant dentistry, where clinical decision-making depends on the interpretation of complex radiographic and patient-specific data. Although multiple applications have been proposed across diagnostic imaging, treatment planning, intraoperative support and outcome prediction, their clinical validity and real-world applicability remain incompletely defined and their use raises relevant medico-legal considerations. Methods: A narrative review was conducted through a structured search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, including English-language studies published between 2010 and February 2026. Clinical and experimental studies, as well as relevant reviews addressing AI applications in implant dentistry, were included. A qualitative thematic synthesis was performed due to methodological heterogeneity. Results: AI applications are mainly concentrated in diagnostic imaging, particularly CBCT analysis, where high levels of performance are consistently reported. In treatment planning, systems support specific decision-making tasks rather than comprehensive strategies, while intraoperative applications are integrated into navigation and robotic systems to improve procedural accuracy. Predictive models for implant outcomes have been developed, although their reliability remains influenced by dataset variability and study design. Conclusions: AI currently represents a supportive tool in implant dentistry, with greater applicability in standardized tasks. Its integration into complex clinical decision-making remains limited, highlighting the need for clinically oriented validation and cautious implementation in practice.