Fragmentation of Nuclear Remnants in Electron–Nucleus Collisions at High Energy as a Nonextensive Process

Utilizing a partitioning method based on equal (or unequal) probabilities—without incorporating the alpha-cluster (α-cluster) model—allows for the derivation of diverse topological configurations of nuclear fragments resulting from fragmentation. Subsequently, we predict the multiplicity distribution of nuclear fragments for specific excited nuclei, such as Be*9, C*12, and O*16, which can be formed as nuclear remnants in electron–nucleus (eA) collisions at high energy. Based on the α-cluster model, an α-cluster structure may result in deviations in the multiplicity distributions of nuclear fragments with charge Z=2, compared to those predicted by the partitioning methods. Furthermore, in the framework of Tsallis statistics, the nonextensive generalized temperature, entropy index, and q-entropy are obtained from the multiplicity distribution of nuclear fragments with a given charge number. Our work shows that fragmentation of nuclear remnants in electron–nucleus collisions at high energy is a nonextensive process.