Multimodal Technology-Integrated Approaches for Teaching Early Childhood and Early Primary Science: A Scoping Review

In early childhood and early primary settings, science education is often overshadowed by other subjects such as literacy and numeracy due to the perception that learning science is less essential than acquiring skills in other core subjects. The teaching of biological science, in particular, have limited engagement and interactivity, leading to lower student interest and participation. This scoping review aims to explore the current practices and challenges in teaching biological science within early childhood and early primary settings with a special focus on multimodality to increase student engagement and interactivity via the integration of digital tools. Existing research emphasises a current gap in integrating multimodal teaching and learning approaches—ranging from manual and digital to robotic technologies—in biological science. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for the successful integration of multimodal approaches to make biological science more engaging, dynamic, and memorable for young learners.