Distributed Interactive Simulation Dead Reckoning Based on PLO–Transformer–LSTM

Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) systems are highly sensitive to temporal delays. Conventional Dead Reckoning (DR) algorithms suffer from limited prediction accuracy and are often inadequate in mitigating simulation latency. To address these issues, a heuristic hybrid prediction model based on Polar Lights Optimization (PLO) is proposed. First, the Transformer architecture is modified by removing the decoder attention layer, and its temporal constraints are optimized to adapt to the one-way dependency of DR time series prediction. Then, a hybrid model integrating the modified Transformer and LSTM is designed, where Transformer captures global motion dependencies, and LSTM models local temporal details. Finally, the PLO algorithm is introduced to optimize the hyperparameters, which enhance global search capability and avoid premature convergence in PSO/GA. Furthermore, a closed-loop mechanism integrating error feedback and parameter updating is established to enhance adaptability. Experimental results for complex aerial target maneuvering scenarios show that the proposed model achieves a trajectory prediction R2 value exceeding 0.95, reduces the Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 42% compared with the results for the traditional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) model, and decreases the state synchronization frequency among simulation nodes by 67%. This model significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of DR and minimizes simulation latency, providing a new technical solution for improving the temporal consistency of DIS.