A System-Level Framework Linking Actuator Control Accuracy to Energy Efficiency and Range Performance in PMSM-Driven Flight Control Systems

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)-based servo actuators are fundamental to high-performance electromechanical systems. However, in energy-sensitive aerospace applications, the impact of tracking error on system-level efficiency remains insufficiently quantified. This paper establishes an energy-oriented analytical framework linking PMSM tracking accuracy to vehicle-level energy consumption and flight range. By employing a specific mechanical energy formulation, we demonstrate that tracking deviations modify aerodynamic drag and introduce additional dissipative work. Specifically, the accumulated dissipation is shown to admit a lower bound proportional to the integral of the squared tracking error, from which a range degradation bound is derived. These results reveal that “tracking-error energy” imposes a fundamental limit on achievable flight distance. A Lyapunov-based analysis further proves that minimizing this error energy reduces total aerodynamic dissipation without requiring modifications to propulsion scheduling or guidance laws. Numerical simulations comparing a conventional sliding mode controller with an advanced fuzzy-adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller confirm that enhanced servo precision directly improves velocity retention and range performance. This framework offers practical insights for designing energy-aware PMSM control strategies in energy-constrained aerospace platforms.