A Two-Stage Coordinated Frequency Regulation Strategy for Wind Turbines Considering Secondary Frequency Drop and Rotor Speed Recovery

The capability of wind turbines (WTs) to provide frequency response is crucial for future power systems with high wind power penetration. Existing strategies primarily focus on mitigating initial and secondary frequency drop (SFD), often overlooking the adverse effects of rotor speed recovery on turbine safety and sustained grid support. Moreover, the lack of a dynamic linkage between the frequency support stage (FSS) and speed recovery stage (SRS) impedes multi-objective coordination encompassing initial drop suppression, SFD mitigation, and rapid rotor speed recovery. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a two-stage coordinated control strategy. In the FSS, the frequency regulation coefficients (Kp and Kd) are adaptively adjusted based on available kinetic energy, ensuring its rational release. Subsequently, the switching timing from FSS to SRS is optimized using these coefficients to suppress the SFD and accelerate recovery. Finally, a fuzzy logic-based PI controller dynamically governs the SRS to restore rotor speed efficiently while further alleviating the SFD. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under two wind speeds. It improves the initial frequency nadir by up to 0.197 Hz over no frequency control, reduces the secondary frequency drop by as much as 0.106 Hz compared to the stepwise method, and accelerates rotor speed recovery by over 30%, quantitatively validating its superior coordinated performance.