Topology Design and Operational Optimization of Multi-Node Energy System for Transportation Hubs Enhancing Renewable Integration

Transportation hubs serve as critical convergence points for traffic, information, and energy flows. However, their energy systems are characterized by high consumption randomness, significant power flow fluctuations, and geographically dispersed source and load nodes. These features pose challenges for integrating distributed renewable energy and often lead to high energy cost issues. Additionally, accommodating distributed photovoltaic (PV) is further complicated by grid corridors and high investment expenditure. To address these issues, this paper proposes a two-stage optimization model for a multi-node interconnected architecture for transportation hubs. In the first stage, a greedy algorithm determines a fixed connection topology, considering distance constraints and connection port limits to ensure engineering feasibility. The second employs linear programming to optimize real-time power allocation. This approach precomputes connection relationships, significantly reducing evaluation time and enabling efficient processing of operational data from multiple nodes. A case study confirms that the proposed method can increase PV consumption by 38.71%, with optimization evaluated on a millisecond scale. By inputting node generation, load, and distance data in prescribed format, the model outputs actionable planning results for flexible interconnection projects.