Review on CCUS Sections Applied to Waste to Energy Plants

The need to mitigate climate change has increased interest in Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants, which reduce landfill use while generating power, but remain significant sources of carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) represents a promising pathway to substantially reduce emissions from WtE facilities and, when applied to WtE, it can enable net-zero or carbon-negative systems by capturing both non-biogenic and biogenic CO2. This review systematically analyzes existing Waste-to-Energy plants implementing carbon capture technologies. By collecting and critically assessing the available technical and operational information, this work provides a comprehensive synthesis that is currently lacking in the literature. Based on the reported data, only a limited number of WtE plants with CCUS are operating worldwide. Among these, facilities with the most detailed publicly available information are located in Saga City (Japan), Twence (The Netherlands), Klemetsrud (Norway), Duiven (The Netherlands), and Copenhagen (Denmark). This review highlights the current deployment status of WtE + CCUS systems and identifies key insights to support future research and large-scale implementation.