Optimization of Parameters for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Mongolian Sea Buckthorn Oil

This study aims to model and optimize the process parameters influencing the efficiency and yield of oil extraction from Mongolian sea buckthorn seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).The experiments were planned using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to evaluate the effects of extraction pressure, temperature, and time, while maintaining a constant solvent flow rate of 2.0 L/min to balance extraction efficiency and selectivity.Following data refinement and outlier exclusion, the developed second-order polynomial model exhibited excellent accuracy with a coefficient of determination R 2 of 0.9375.Among the parameters studied, pressure was identified as the most critical factor affecting oil yield.Furthermore, significant interaction effects were observed, particularly between extraction time and the other variables, pressure-time (A * C) and temperature-time (B * C), indicating the time-dependent nature of mass transfer.The predicted optimal conditions for maximum yield were determined to be 5075 psi, 70 • C, and an extraction time of 10 h.Validation experiments under these conditions resulted in an oil yield of 800 g, confirming the reliability of the model.These findings demonstrate the feasibility of optimizing supercritical CO 2 extraction for the industrial-scale production of high-quality functional oils and nutraceuticals.