In Vitro Inhibition of Cardiometabolic Health-Related Enzymes by Monofloral Stingless Bee Honey

Stingless bee honey (SBH) contains bioactive compounds which are influenced by its botanical origin, and these constituents are closely associated with its health-promoting properties.Interest in monofloral honey has been increasing owing to its distinctive sensory characteristics, relatively consistent nutritional composition, and higher market value.The growing burden of cardiometabolic disease underscores the need for additional studies examining the inhibition of enzymes relevant to these pathways.This study analyzed SBH from five botanical origins (acacia, coconut, elderberry, Singapore rhododendron, sunflecks).In vitro inhibition was evaluated against enzymes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis (HMG-CoA reductase), blood pressure regulation (ACE), lipid digestion (pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase), and postprandial glycaemia (α-amylase, α-glucosidase).Acacia SBH showed the most potent ACE inhibition (16.80 ± 0.30 mg/mL), while Singapore rhododendron SBH exhibited the strongest HMG-CoA reductase inhibition (18.05 ± 0.50 mg/mL).Sunflecks SBH showed the most potent inhibition of cholesterol esterase, with the lowest IC 50 (57.00± 0.01 mg/mL).The findings suggest the potential of SBH as a cardioprotective functional food with significant health benefits.