The Influence of Design Parameters on Fluid Leakage in Axial Piston Pumps: A Review and Optimization Opportunities

This paper investigates the influence of design parameters on fluid leakage in axial piston pumps.Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of operating clearances, sealing surfaces, and geometric relationships that affect volumetric efficiency and system reliability.Through a systematic review of 32 relevant sources, key components contributing to both internal and external leakage are identified, along with approaches for their optimization through material selection, microgeometry, tolerances, and thermodynamic conditions.Modern methods for diagnostics and leakage prediction are also considered, including the application of artificial intelligence and numerical simulations.The findings of this review may serve as a basis for improving the design and maintenance of axial pumps, with the aim of increasing efficiency and reducing losses.