Computational Simulation of Corneal Thickness and Ocular Rotation Influences on Intraocular Pressure Accuracy

Using simulation methods, we investigated the effects of corneal thickness and ocular rotation on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement accuracy. In the first part, a 24 mm emmetropic eye model with a titanium-alloy probe was used to evaluate corneal thicknesses of 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60 mm. Probe force–IOP response curves were analyzed under supine, upright, and prone positions to determine the role of corneal biomechanics in measurement variation. In the second part, ocular rotation was examined using a fixed probe force of 19.62 mN and a corneal thickness of 0.55 mm. Five eye models with different refractive conditions—hyperopic, emmetropic, and myopic eyes of −6.00, −12.00, and −18.00 D—were simulated to assess the influence of rotation and instantaneous acceleration on IOP and shear stress. The findings highlight how both structural and dynamic ocular factors contribute to IOP variability, offering valuable insights for improving the accuracy of clinical tonometry.