Integrated Assessment Methodology for Asphalt Pavement Integrity Under Accelerated Loading Conditions and GPR

Ensuring the integrity of pavement structures necessitates a thorough evaluation of both surface-level damage and subsurface mechanical performance. This study proposes an integrated, non-destructive assessment framework tailored for semi-rigid base asphalt pavements subjected to repeated vehicular loading via MLS66 full-scale accelerated testing equipment. The proposed methodology integrates ground-penetrating radar (GPR) using the CO4080 system and dynamic response measurements from a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to characterize structural conditions across multiple depths. Comparative analysis between pre-loading and post-loading data revealed significant deterioration trends in the surface layers, with stiffness loss closely associated with increasing load repetitions. In contrast, the underlying base layers exhibited stable deformation characteristics, with variations in deflection basin indices remaining within ±5%. Subgrade dielectric properties derived from GPR data confirmed consistent compaction quality throughout the test site. Statistical analysis further validated the synergy between GPR and FWD results, demonstrating that the combined application enhances diagnostic accuracy. The dual-method approach improved overall evaluation reliability by approximately 22–35% compared to using individual techniques alone under accelerated pavement testing scenarios. These findings support broader implementation of integrated sensing systems and highlight the potential for application across varied pavement types and loading conditions.