Beta Test of an Alcohol Awareness and Prevention Intervention for the U.S. Fire Service

Firefighters face elevated risks of alcohol misuse due to occupational stress, trauma exposure, and cultural norms within the fire service. This beta test study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of From Bottle to Nozzle, a digitally delivered alcohol awareness and prevention intervention tailored for firefighters. Fifty fire service personnel were invited to participate; 46 consented and completed baseline questionnaires, and 22 completed the full program. The intervention consisted of five self-paced online modules incorporating multimedia content, quizzes, and self-assessments that addressed alcohol history, fire service culture, risk-reduction strategies, communication, and health effects. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured changes in alcohol-related knowledge, alcohol use, motivation to reduce drinking, and usability. Reinforcement messages were delivered via text and email. Alcohol-related knowledge improved significantly post-intervention, particularly in the general and total knowledge domains. Moderate drinkers showed reductions in drinking days and AUDIT scores. Among heavy drinkers, overall consumption declined slightly, though binge-drinking episodes increased. Changes in motivation to reduce drinking were mixed. Usability ratings were high, with an 80% module completion rate and favorable feedback on program brevity and format, though navigation and video length were noted as challenges. From Bottle to Nozzle demonstrated strong feasibility and acceptability. While knowledge gains were robust, behavioral outcomes were mixed, highlighting the need for larger controlled studies with extended follow-up.