Recent Advances in the Utilization of Dietary-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic autoimmune diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The incidence of IBD has been increasing in newly industrialized countries, whereas current conventional therapeutic medications are ineffective and have unavoidable side effects. In recent years, exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) isolated from natural dietary ingredients have played a positive role in the treatment of IBD. These vesicles can exert therapeutic effects on IBD through modulating inflammation-related cytokines, repairing the intestinal barrier, and regulating the intestinal microbiota. In this study, we outline the physiological functions and applications of plant-and animal-derived of ELNs in IBD. Particular emphasis is given to the therapeutic mechanism and efficacy of these ELNs Additionally, the modification of ELNs and loading bioactive compounds in ELNs for improved effects on IBD are discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the dietary-derived ELNs are proposed.