Analysis of Repair Activities of Electric Vehicles, Taking into Account Occupational Health, Safety, Fire Safety, and Environmental Aspects

Fires caused by electric vehicle (EV) batteries can pose hazardous situations during accidents and during the servicing of critically damaged vehicles. Managing and preventing such fires requires a thorough understanding of the underlying causes and processes. This article analyses lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric vehicles, demonstrating the effects of cell overheating, the production of runaway gases, and the resulting thermal catastrophe. We examine the composition of cell eruption gases (CEGs) and their implications for fire protection. Based on these findings, we assess the conditions for safe battery storage, safety guidelines for servicing electric and hybrid vehicles, fire suppression methods, and measures following fire suppression. Additionally, we analyze the unique characteristics of EV fire incidents and, based on these, outline the implementation requirements and safety technologies for repair bays designed to service critically damaged electric and hybrid vehicles. Finally, we propose implementing repair stations suitable for safe servicing operations and accrediting such repair bays, including a flowchart detailing the implementation process. Although this concept is still in its early stages, its implementation would significantly enhance the safety of servicing operations and the effective management of hazardous situations.