Impact of Unilateral Sciatica Due to Lumbar Disc Hernia on Gait

Background/Objectives: Sciatica secondary to lumbar disc herniation is a common cause of chronic radicular pain and functional disability. Since the sciatic nerve is involved in the motor and sensory innervation of the foot, it is important to evaluate the potential distal biomechanical alterations it produces. Evidence regarding the effect of radicular pain on kinetic parameters remains limited and heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to describe gait characteristics in people with chronic unilateral radicular pain due to non-traumatic lumbar or lumbosacral disc herniation and to compare kinetic differences between the affected and unaffected limbs. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted in 41 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Dynamic baropodometric assessment was performed using the Footscan® system. The analysis focused on kinetic parameters, including surface area, pressure, and maximum force, as well as spatiotemporal variables comprising stance time, step time, step length, and plantar push-off mechanics. Demographic data, Foot Posture Index (FPI) scores, and muscle strength were also recorded. Results: According to patient reports, the left foot was the most severely affected. Significant differences in muscle strength were found between the affected and unaffected limbs. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the kinetic or spatiotemporal parameters evaluated. Conclusions: Patients with unilateral sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation showed reduced muscle strength in the affected limb with no significant differences in kinetic or spatiotemporal gait parameters, suggesting compensatory mechanisms.