An Exploratory Study of ADIPOQ Polymorphisms, Adiponectin Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in a Vietnamese Population

Metabolic syndrome (MtS) is a growing global health concern, with genetic factors playing a significant role in its development. This study aimed to examine the association between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and MtS, as well as their relationships with adiponectin levels in the Vietnamese population. Metabolic parameters and genotyping data were collected from 160 individuals diagnosed with MtS according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation criteria, and 160 control subjects. The results reveal a significant association between rs266729 and MtS, with a log-additive OR = 1.46 (95% CI: 1.02–2.09, p = 0.038). Carriers of the G allele also exhibit lower median adiponectin levels: 6.69 (3.84–10.52) µg/mL for C/C, 6.55 (3.32–9.52) µg/mL for G/C, and 4.28 (3.14–6.38) µg/mL for G/G, p for trend = 0.036. In contrast, the associations of rs2241766 and rs1501299 with MtS did not reach statistical significance in this cohort. However, adiponectin levels also show a trend of progressively decreasing with increasing numbers of minor alleles in the genotypes, particularly in the control group, p for trend = 0.02 and 0.044, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of genetic variations in regulating adiponectin, especially during the early stages of metabolic disturbances, and call for further research to assess their clinical significance.