MASLD Management in Spain: A Nationwide Survey of Gastroenterologists Highlighting Gaps in Risk Assessment and Primary Care Coordination

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and a major contributor to the global cardiometabolic burden. Early identification of patients at risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and advanced fibrosis is essential to prevent liver-related and cardiovascular complications. In Spain, the burden of MASLD is increasing, yet information on routine clinical management by gastroenterologists remains limited. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted among members of the Spanish Society of Digestive Diseases (SEPD). The questionnaire explored five domains: MASLD knowledge, use of non-invasive biomarkers and imaging, awareness and implementation of clinical guidelines, cardiometabolic and alcohol-related risk assessment, and coordination with primary care. Results: A total of 429 specialists responded, 33.1% reported more than 20 years of practice and most worked in public hospitals, including 29.2% in large tertiary centers. Awareness of the MASLD definition was high, and 91.2% identified fibrosis as the main prognostic determinant. Non-invasive fibrosis biomarkers were widely used, whereas steatosis biomarkers were less frequently applied. Elastography was available to 96.1%. Guideline knowledge was reported by 80.4%, although implementation was lower. Cardiovascular risk evaluation varied: 75.1% reported systematic screening. Alcohol consumption was usually assessed. Coordination with primary care was limited: 91.1% expressed concerns regarding physicians’ familiarity with MASLD classification, and only 31.1% reported shared protocols. Conclusions: Spanish gastroenterologists show high awareness of MASLD and broad access to non-invasive diagnostic tools. However, important gaps remain in cardiovascular and alcohol risk assessment, guideline implementation, and coordination with primary care.