Wearable, Self-Powered Electronic Devices: Logical Framework for Transforming the Future of Digital Health

The increasing demand of digital technologies and their integration with wearable health devices provides an efficient trigger for next-generation wearable healthcare devices for long-term physiological monitoring. The advancement of energy harvesting mechanism, nanomaterial-based sensor fabrication and their integration with digital technologies have emerged as a promising solution for transforming future of digital health. This study provides a comprehensive summary and framework for wearable self-powered electronic devices, enabling continuous, battery-free health monitoring and advancing the development of sustainable, next-generation digital healthcare systems. This review paper presents a broad and detailed overview of current technologies and sensors advancement in developing low-power wearable, self-powered electronic devices suitable for healthcare applications. The importance and reliable use of key energy harvesting approaches including triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, and photovoltaic approaches are systematically presented which focused on development of energy efficient wearable devices. This review further examines the low-power circuit design strategies for flexible electronics focusing personalized healthcare monitoring. Current challenges and limitations related to advanced manufacturing of wearable health devices focusing on large-scale deployment are also analyzed. Finally, the key future research directions are outlined for advancing a next-generation intelligent digital health system.