Carotid Restenosis: Incidence, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Options
Abstract
Restenosis after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting remains the main complication after both surgical and endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis, with a 2-year restenosis rate of 6-12%. Complex inflammation processes are the cause of early (2 years) restenosis and principal systemic risk factors are female gender, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Non-procedural treatment includes lifestyle modifications and best medical therapy. The procedural treatment, considered mostly for symptomatic patients, includes different open and endovascular techniques. The management should be personalized according to patient and plaque characteristics.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Oropharyngeal Anatomy and Pathologies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Personalized Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 91–91
- Publication date
- 4 February 2026
- Language
- EN