Study on the Adaptive Conservation of Cultural Landscapes Along the Ancient Tibet–Nepal Route in the Context of Climate Change

Under the intensifying impacts of global climate change, high-altitude linear cultural landscapes are increasingly threatened by natural hazards such as extreme precipitation and glacier-fed runoff. Taking the cultural landscape of the Tibet–Nepal Route as the study object, it employs an integrated methodology combining spatial analysis, adaptive assessment, field investigation, and case studies to systematically identify levels of hazard exposure and explore pathways for adaptive governance. This study makes two key contributions. It develops an interdisciplinary framework that combines spatial exposure analysis, barrier diagnosis, and multi-criteria evaluation. It also proposes a governance shift from external interventions to internally driven approaches, underscoring the central role of traditional community institutions system in building landscape resilience. The findings provide a scientific basis for the coordinated governance of cross-border high-altitude linear cultural landscapes between China and Nepal, and offer transferable insights for advancing the World Heritage nomination research of the Silk Road: the routes network of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau to South Asia Corridor.