Reconstructing Literary Heritage Tourism Spaces Through Tourist Perception: A Multidimensional Framework for Sustainable Cultural Landscapes

The integration of culture and tourism has positioned literary heritage tourism as an important pathway for the sustainable development of cultural landscapes and urban regeneration. However, existing studies remain fragmented, lacking a systematic understanding of the spatial configuration, development processes, and the role of tourists in shaping these spaces. Addressing these gaps, this study adopts a tourist-perception perspective to examine seven types of literary heritage tourism space forms in Shanghai. Using online review data, TF–IDF and TextRank methods are applied to identify key space elements and their semantic relationships, enabling a data-driven analysis of spatial characteristics. The results identify three key dimensions, namely perceptual, conceptual, and experiential, which are further organised into 15 subcategories. A spatial analytical framework is developed to conceptualise the literary heritage tourism space as a process shaped by physical settings, symbolic interpretations, and experiential co-production. Furthermore, the findings suggest an interpretive framework of spatial reconstruction, in which tourist participation serves as a link between internal space elements and broader socio-cultural contexts. This study extends the application of spatial production theory from a perception-based perspective, combines computational text analysis with spatial interpretation, and offers practical implications for sustainable cultural landscape planning.