The Impact of Cadastral Data Quality on Risks in ConstructionInvestment Processes

This study examines the role of cadastral data quality in shaping risks within investment processes, focusing on the Polish Land and Buildings Register as a key information source for surveying, planning, and design activities. The research is based on an empirical analysis of cadastral data from twelve study areas representing different settlement types, using datasets obtained in 2022 and 2026. Data quality was evaluated in terms of completeness, accuracy, and currency, with particular emphasis on boundary points, land use classifications, and building records. The results reveal significant spatial disparities, with higher data quality observed in large urban areas and lower quality in smaller towns and rural municipalities, where incomplete, inconsistent, or data derived from raster maps are more prevalent. At the same time, a noticeable improvement in data quality was identified over the analysed period, particularly in less urbanised areas. Despite this progress, inconsistencies in attribute definitions, limited standardisation, and gaps in data documentation persist, reducing reliability and interoperability. The findings demonstrate that inadequate cadastral data quality generates legal, technical, temporal, and financial risks, primarily manifested in delays and increased costs due to additional surveying work. A plan has been drawn up to optimise the investor’s activities, taking into account the risks identified during the research.