Digital Maturity and Supply Chain Resilience in Emerging Markets: Dynamic Capabilities as Mediators in the Industry 4.0 Transition-Evidence from Morocco

Background: Digital transformation is viewed as a lever of supply chain resilience, yet the intermediate pathways through which digital maturity relates to resilience remain underspecified, particularly in emerging-market contexts. Drawing on the Resource-Based View and the Dynamic Capabilities Framework, this study examines whether four dynamic capabilities (visibility, flexibility, risk management, and collaboration) mediate the relationship between digital maturity and supply chain resilience. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey of 250 Moroccan firms and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we estimate a multi-mediator model and decompose the total association using variance accounted for (VAF). Results: The findings indicate that digital maturity is positively associated with resilience both directly (β = 0.219, p < 0.01) and indirectly through the four mediators, with the four capabilities jointly accounting for 63.7% of the total association (R2 = 0.523, SRMR = 0.027). Visibility (18.9%) and flexibility (15.9%) emerge as the strongest indirect channels. Conclusions: The study contributes by simultaneously testing four dynamic capabilities as mediators within a single specification, documenting evidence from an under-represented emerging-market context, and providing empirically grounded managerial recommendations and policy implications. Because the data are cross-sectional, all reported coefficients describe statistical associations.