Research on Multiaxial Random Vibration Fatigue Assessment Method for Vehicle-Mounted Equipment Based on IEC 61373 Standard

At present, most of the research methods for vibration fatigue of welded structures mainly focus on uniaxial stress, ignoring the influence of shear stress. To this end, by combining the ASME structural stress method with the random and vibration analysis theory outlined in the IEC 61373 standard, a new method for evaluating the fatigue life of multi-axis random vibration problems in the frequency domain has been proposed. This method extends the structural stress method to multi-axis scenarios to accurately extract the local multi-axis structural stress state at the weld toe. Its advantage lies in the fact that it not only accounts for the influence of load frequency distribution and structural modal vibrations on fatigue life, but also incorporates the effect of local multiaxial stress conditions in the weld on fatigue life. Additionally, it includes corrections for non-proportional multiaxial stress conditions, resulting in fatigue assessment results that more closely reflect actual conditions. It was validated by comparing the local multiaxial stress, phase difference between shear and normal stress, and equivalent structural stress power spectrum of 0° and 30° fillet welded specimens with test results. Subsequently, it was applied to a multiaxial random vibration fatigue assessment of a vehicle-mounted electrical cabinet with experimental verification. The results indicate that fatigue life estimates based on a multi-axis stress state are lower than those obtained using a uniaxial method. Compared to traditional uniaxial methods, the multi-axis fatigue life estimates show a significant reduction ranging from 4.20% to 88.35%, effectively accounting for damage caused by shear stress. The fatigue assessment results are more closely aligned with experimental data, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed new method. The frequency-domain multiaxial random vibration fatigue assessment method proposed in this article provides a new technology for the design and evaluation of welded structures of vehicle-mounted equipment in rail vehicles. This method reduces costs during the design phase of rail vehicles, offering positive economic implications.