Preparation of a Novel Fe/Ca Modified Chlorella Biochar for Phosphorus Removal from Mariculture Tail Water by Response Surface Methodology
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus discharge from aquaculture effluent significantly contributes to coastal eutrophication, while conventional adsorbents exhibit limited phosphorus removal efficiency in high-salinity, weakly alkaline seawater effluent. This study developed iron/calcium co-modified chlorella biochar (FCBC) through co-impregnation and high-temperature pyrolysis, optimizing the preparation process via the Box–Behnken response surface method. The optimal conditions were identified as an iron concentration of 2.5 mol/L, a calcium concentration of 2.0 mol/L, a pyrolysis temperature of 717 °C, and a duration of 113 min. Under these conditions, FCBC achieved a phosphorus removal rate of 93.23% within 3 h, which was significantly higher than that of the unmodified Chlorella biochar (BC,
Fields of Study & Subjects
Phosphorus and nutrient management
Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Materials
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1700–1700
- Publication date
- 23 April 2026
- Language
- EN