Intelligent S-Curve Acceleration and Deceleration Algorithm in High-Precision Servo Motion Control

To address the issues of vibration in high-speed machining and the challenge of balancing motion smoothness and precision, this paper proposes a cascade control method based on a single-neuron adaptive PID. The method employs a dual closed-loop structure with a position loop and a speed loop, each regulated by a single-neuron adaptive PI controller. By dynamically adjusting the connection weights of the neurons online, real-time tuning of the proportional and integral parameters is achieved, enabling the system to adaptively regulate the control action. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller ensures a 100% positioning accuracy across diverse motion scenarios with less than 0.05% relative error, enables effectively smooth motion, and effectively suppresses machine tool vibration caused by acceleration and deceleration processes. This significantly improves the system’s dynamic response and motion smoothness, providing an effective solution for high-speed and high-precision machining control.