Short-Term Effects of Manual Therapy Combined with Functional Magnetic Stimulation in Individuals with Lumbar Disk Herniation with Radiculopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Objectives: Lumbar disk herniation with radiculopathy (LDHR) is a prevalent neuromusculoskeletal condition characterized by nociceptive and neuropathic pain components. Manual therapy (MT) is commonly used in its management, whereas Functional Magnetic Stimulation (FMS) represents an emerging modality with limited evidence in radiculopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the short-term effects of combining MT with FMS compared with MT alone on pain intensity, neuropathic pain features, neural mechanosensitivity, and functional disability in individuals with chronic LDHR. Materials and Methods: Forty adults with MRI-confirmed unilateral LDHR were randomly allocated to an MT + FMS group or an MT-only group. Both groups received ten treatment sessions over three weeks. Outcomes included lumbar and leg pain intensity (NPRS), functional disability (RMDQ), neuropathic pain symptoms (S-LANSS), and straight leg raise (SLR) range of motion. Measurements were obtained at baseline and at week 3. Group and time effects were examined using a two-way mixed ANOVA with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed for all outcomes (p < 0.01), indicating greater improvements in the MT + FMS group. Reductions in lumbar and leg pain, disability, and S-LANSS scores exceeded established MCID thresholds, while SLR gains surpassed published MDC values, reflecting both statistical and clinical relevance. Only the MT + FMS group improved below the neuropathic pain diagnostic cutoff (S-LANSS < 12). Conclusions: The findings of this trial suggest that incorporating FMS into a manual therapy program may provide additional short-term clinical benefits for individuals with chronic LDHR. Further research with larger samples, longer follow-up periods, and mechanistic assessments is needed to confirm these preliminary results and to better understand the underlying mechanisms.