Research on a Self-Powered Vibration Sensor for Coal Mine In Situ Stress Fracturing Drilling

In the process of in situ stress fracturing drilling in coal mines, obtaining downhole vibration data not only improves drilling efficiency but also plays a key role in ensuring operational safety. Nevertheless, the energy supply techniques used in current vibration detectors reduce operational performance and escalate excavation expenses. This research proposes a self-powered vibration sensor based on the triboelectric nanogenerator, designed for the operational environment of coal mine in situ stress fracturing drilling. It can simultaneously detect axial and lateral vibration frequencies, and the inclusion of redundant sensing units provides the sensor with high reliability. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that the device functions across a frequency span of 0 to 11 Hz, maintaining error margins for frequency and amplitude under 4%. Furthermore, it functions reliably in environments where temperatures are under 150 °C and humidity is under 90%, proving its strong resilience to environmental factors. In addition, the device possesses self-generating potential, achieving a maximum voltage of 68 V alongside an output current of 51 nA. When connected to a 6 × 107 Ω load, the maximum output power can reach 3.8 × 10−7 W. Unlike traditional subsurface oscillation detectors, the proposed unit combines self-generation capabilities with highly reliable measurement characteristics, making it more suitable for practical drilling needs.