Electrochemical Characterization and Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Etamsylate at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

This study presents the development of a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical method for the determination of etamsylate (ETM) using a Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrode. Analytical conditions were optimized using Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV), establishing an orthophosphoric acid (V) solution as the ideal supporting electrolyte. Under optimized instrumental parameters, the sensor demonstrated a superior linear response with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.10 µmol L−1 (0.026 mg L−1), with very good repeatability, indicated by an RSD of 3.17%. The practical utility of the BDD electrode was confirmed through the analysis of pharmaceutical and spiked biological samples, yielding recovery values between 95% and 102%. The results indicate that this method serves as a robust, cost-effective, and efficient alternative for routine quality control, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of etamsylate.