Saccharomyces cerevisiae Response to Magnetic Stress: Role of a Protein Corona in Stable Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured under the influence of static magnetic fields (SMFs) to assess their impact on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Cell-free media derived from SMF-exposed cultures facilitated the formation of AgNPs, with a significant reduction in nanoparticle size observed at an optimal field strength of 7 mT. AgNPs synthesized under SMF conditions exhibited smaller crystalline structures than those produced in control media, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Over a 75-day period, SMF-exposed AgNPs demonstrated enhanced stability, as determined by DLS and polydispersity index (PDI) assessments. Further analysis through sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested the formation of a protein corona on the AgNPs in SMF-treated samples, which likely inhibits agglomeration and enhances long-term stability. These findings indicate that SMF-induced stress in S. cerevisiae triggers the secretion of specific proteins that contribute to the stabilization of AgNPs, providing a novel approach to controlling nanoparticle synthesis and stability through magnetic field exposure.