Actinolactomycin from Streptomyces sp. CB00271: Isolation, Identification, and Potent Anti-Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapies, underscoring an urgent need for novel agents. The soil-derived Streptomyces sp. CB00271, isolated from a biodiversity hotspot, was investigated for its bioactive metabolites. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the identification of actinolactomycin (1), alongside daidzein (2) and genistein (3). Remarkably, actinolactomycin (1) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against TNBC models, with IC50 values of 0.72 ± 0.12 μM (MDA-MB-231) and 0.15 ± 0.02 μM (4T1), demonstrating approximately 9-fold and 31-fold greater potency than cisplatin, respectively. This study constitutes the first report to systematically highlight the exceptional anti-TNBC potential of this rare natural product, establishing it as a promising lead compound. Furthermore, Streptomyces sp. CB00271 is identified as a valuable and scarce microbial resource for actinolactomycin, providing a new avenue to address its supply limitation and facilitate future development.