Evaluation of the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a New Coumarin–Quinoline Hybrid in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation

Background/Objectives: Neuroinflammation is characterized by the sustained activation of neuroglial cells, resulting in the production of cytokines and chemokines. It is associated with neurodegenerative processes. This study aims to assess the potential mitigating effect of a novel coumarin–quinoline hybrid by evaluating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis in an experimentally induced model of neuroinflammation. Methods: The study was conducted on 60 mice, allocated into six groups of ten: Group I served as the control; Group II received the new coumarin–quinoline hybrid; Group III received lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Group IV received LPS followed by the coumarin–quinoline hybrid; Group V received LPS followed by dexamethasone (DEX); and Group VI received LPS followed by the coumarin–quinoline hybrid and DEX. The model was validated by behavioral assessments, while oxidative stress was quantified via nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, apoptosis by caspase-3, and pyroptosis by NLRP3. Results: An anti-inflammatory effect of a new coumarin–quinoline hybrid, evidenced by decreased NLRP3 and NF-κB expression, reduced NO and MDA production, elevated SOD activity, and brought about suppression of caspase-3. Additionally, the newly formulated coumarin–quinoline hybrid demonstrated favorable ADMET characteristics, with in silico molecular studies indicating a stable energetic profile and dynamic equilibrium. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the new coumarin–quinoline hybrid holds significant potential as an adjuvant therapeutic option for neuroinflammation.