Bamboo-Enabled Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Bamboo, a fast-growing and sustainable biomass, has traditionally been used in structural applications; however, its hierarchical architecture and rich chemical composition enable both the derivation of advanced nanomaterials and the fabrication of bamboo-assisted nanostructures. Recent studies demonstrate that such bamboo-based nanomaterials, including nanocellulose, lignin nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, carbon dots, and carbon-based nanostructures, exhibit unique physicochemical properties suitable for biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of bamboo biology and classification, chemical composition, extraction and synthesis of bamboo-derived nanomaterials, and their biomedical applications. Emphasis is placed on their diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, wound healing and antimicrobial dressings, cancer therapy, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications, and biomedical imaging and biosensing. In addition, emerging approaches that integrate bamboo-derived materials with plant-based bioactive compounds, particularly rose-derived phytochemicals, are proposed as promising strategies for achieving synergistic, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, bamboo-based nanomaterials offer a sustainable and versatile platform for next-generation nanomedicine, with significant potential for future biomedical innovations.