A Comprehensive Review of Magnetic Coupling Mechanisms, Compensation Networks, and Control Strategies for Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a key enabling technology for the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), offering enhanced charging flexibility, improved safety, and seamless integration with intelligent transportation and renewable energy infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive review and technical synthesis of WPT technologies spanning both near-field and far-field domains, including inductive power transfer (IPT), magnetically coupled resonant WPT (MCR-WPT), capacitive power transfer (CPT), microwave power transfer (MPT), and laser wireless charging (LPT). Particular emphasis is placed on MCR-WPT, the most widely adopted approach for EV wireless charging, for which the coupler structures, resonant compensation networks, power converter architectures, and control strategies are systematically analyzed. The review further identifies that hybrid WPT architectures, adaptive compensation design and wide-coverage coupling mechanisms will be central to enabling high-power, long-distance, and misalignment-resilient wireless charging solutions for next-generation electric transportation systems.