Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of CO2-Based Energy Storage: A Roadmap for Successful Deployment

Over the last decade, the use of energy storage in power grids has grown enormously, primarily to improve system stability and maximize the benefits of renewable energy sources. As many countries set ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy in their energy mix, the deployment of energy storage in future grids is expected to increase. This is crucial for ensuring stable grid operation. Conventional energy storage technologies are limited by technical, environmental, and economic factors. CO2-based energy storage is an emerging technology that overcomes these limitations. This paper presents a techno-environmental assessment of CO2-based energy storage technology. It provides a roadmap for technology deployment to help energy leaders and project managers make informed decisions about this emerging technology. This should facilitate a smoother energy transition and decarbonization of power grids.